矮小症患儿生活质量现状调查及影响因素分析

目的 调查矮小症患儿生活质量现状,并分析其影响因素,以期为改善该类患儿身心健康、促进其健康成长提供参考依据。方法 选取2019年1月—2020年7月湖南省4所三级甲等医院儿科门诊的231例矮小症患儿为研究对象,采用一般资料调查表、儿童生活质量测定量表和儿童自我意识量表对其进行调查。结果 矮小症患儿生活质量总分为(75.57±13.46)分。多元线性回归分析显示,主要照顾者受教育程度、与标准身高差值、自我意识水平为矮小症患儿自我意识水平的独立影响因素(_△R²=0.497,F=23.452,P＜0.001)。结论 矮小症患儿生活质量欠佳,护理人员以及卫生保健人员应引起重视。不同特征的患儿生活质量存在较大的差异,主要照顾者教育程度低、与标准身高差值大以及自我意识较差的儿童生活质量更差。     

品管圈对缩短结直肠癌患者术后胃肠功能恢复时间的效果观察

目的探讨品管圈对结直肠癌患者术后胃肠功能恢复时间的临床效果。方法选取2019年4月至5月间上海市健康医学院附属嘉定区中心医院收治的52例结直肠癌术后患者为改进前组,2019年6月至7月52例患者为改进后组。检查改进前组患者平均排气时间、排便时间及腹胀发生率,采用品管圈对改进后组患者进行干预,比较两组患者胃肠道功能和相关无形成果。结果改进后组患者排气时间、排便时间和腹胀发生率均低于改进前组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。通过品管圈活动,圈员们责任心、自我价值、团队精神、科研能力、沟通能力和解决问题能力均提升。结论品管圈可缩短结直肠癌患者术后排气时间和排便时间,降低腹胀发生率,提高圈员综合素质,值得推广。     

EAU-EANM-ESTRO-ESUR-SIOG Guidelines on Prostate Cancer—2020 Update. Part 1: Screening,Diagnosis, and Local Treatment with Curative Intent

ObjectiveTo present a summary of the 2020 version of the European Association of Urology (EAU)-European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM)-European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology (ESTRO)-European Society of Urogenital Radiology (ESUR)-International Society of Geriatric Oncology (SIOG) guidelines on screening, diagnosis, and local treatment of clinically localised prostate cancer (PCa).Evidence acquisitionThe panel performed a literature review of new data, covering the time frame between 2016 and 2020. The guidelines were updated and a strength rating for each recommendation was added based on a systematic review of the evidence.Evidence synthesisA risk-adapted strategy for identifying men who may develop PCa is advised, generally commencing at 50 yr of age and based on individualised life expectancy. Risk-adapted screening should be offered to men at increased risk from the age of 45 yr and to breast cancer susceptibility gene (BRCA) mutation carriers, who have been confirmed to be at risk of early and aggressive disease (mainly BRAC2), from around 40 yr of age. The use of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging in order to avoid unnecessary biopsies is recommended. When a biopsy is performed, a combination of targeted and systematic biopsies must be offered. There is currently no place for the routine use of tissue-based biomarkers. Whilst prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography computed tomography is the most sensitive staging procedure, the lack of outcome benefit remains a major limitation. Active surveillance (AS) should always be discussed with low-risk patients, as well as with selected intermediate-risk patients with favourable International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) 2 lesions. Local therapies are addressed, as well as the AS journey and the management of persistent prostate-specific antigen after surgery. A strong recommendation to consider moderate hypofractionation in intermediate-risk patients is provided. Patients with cN1 PCa should be offered a local treatment combined with long-term hormonal treatment.ConclusionsThe evidence in the field of diagnosis, staging, and treatment of localised PCa is evolving rapidly. The 2020 EAU-EANM-ESTRO-ESUR-SIOG guidelines on PCa summarise the most recent findings and advice for their use in clinical practice. These PCa guidelines reflect the multidisciplinary nature of PCa management.Patient summaryUpdated prostate cancer guidelines are presented, addressing screening, diagnosis, and local treatment with curative intent. These guidelines rely on the available scientific evidence, and new insights will need to be considered and included on a regular basis. In some cases, the supporting evidence for new treatment options is not yet strong enough to provide a recommendation, which is why continuous updating is important. Patients must be fully informed of all relevant options and, together with their treating physicians, decide on the most optimal management for them.     

Quality indicators for breast cancer care: A systematic review

ObjectivesWe evaluated breast cancer (BC) care quality indicators (QIs) in clinical pathways and integrated health care processes.MethodsFollowing protocol registration (Prospero n^o: CRD42021228867), relevant documents were identified, without language restrictions, through a systematic search of bibliographic databases (EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, MEDLINE), health care valuable representatives and the World Wide Web in April 2021. Data concerning QIs, measurement tools and compliance standards were extracted from European and North American sources in duplicate with 98% reviewer agreement.ResultsThere were 89 QIs found from 22 selected documents (QI per document mean 13.5 with standard deviation 11.9). The Belgian (38 QIs) and the EUSOMA (European Society of Breast Cancer Specialists) (34 QIs) documents were the ones that best reported the QIs. No identical QI was identified in all the documents analysed. There were 67/89 QIs covering processes (75.3%) and 11/89 (12.4%) for each structure and outcomes QIs. There were 21/89 QIs for diagnosis (30.3%), 43/89 for treatment (48.3%), and 19/89 for staging, counselling, follow-up and rehabilitation (21.4%). Of 67 process QIs and 11 outcome QIs, 20/78 (26%) did not report a minimum standard of care. Shared decision making was only included as a QI in the Italian document.ConclusionMore than half of countries have not established a national clinical pathway or integrated breast cancer care process to achieve the excellence of BC care. There was heterogeneity in QIs for the evaluation of BC care quality. Over two-thirds of the clinical pathways and integrated health care processes did not provide a minimum auditable standard of care for compliance, leaving open the definition of best practice. There is a need for harmonisation of BC care QIs.     

腹腔镜经腹腹膜前疝修补术与开放式腹膜前疝修补术治疗股疝的疗效比较

目的比较腹腔镜经腹腹膜前疝修补术（TAPP）与开放式腹膜前疝修补术治疗股疝的手术结果和对生活质量的影响。 方法回顾性分析2014年1月至2019年12月新疆医科大学第一附属医院收治的58例股疝患者的临床资料，根据手术方式不同分为TAPP组和开放式腹膜前疝修补术组（开放组），TAPP组31例，开放组27例。比较两组手术指标，采用卡罗来纳舒适量表（CCS）评估并比较两组患者术前及术后1、6、12和24个月的生活质量。 结果TAPP组在手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院天数及术后并发症发生率等方面和开放组相比差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）；TAPP组在术后24 h疼痛视觉模拟评分及术后镇痛药使用率方面明显优于开放组（P<0.05）；TAPP组术后离床时间及术后首次进食时间长于开放组（P<0.05）；2组患者术后随访24个月，均无复发病例。两种术式均能有效改善患者术前的疼痛、运动受限及总体生活质量（P<0.05）；TAPP组患者术后1个月疼痛及总体生活质量优于开放组（P<0.05）。 结论TAPP与开放式腹膜前疝修补术均可有效治疗股疝。TAPP可作为无全身麻醉禁忌股疝患者的首选治疗方法。股疝的治疗应依据患者的自身情况和手术医师的技术掌握程度制定个体化治疗方案。     

我国三级医疗机构营养科专业人才队伍情况调查

目的调查分析我国三级医疗机构营养科专业人才队伍情况，提出针对性建议。方法从国家医疗质量管理与控制信息网选取1 283家三级医疗机构调研临床营养专业技术人员数据，应用频数、构成比等进行描述性统计分析。 结果三级医疗机构营养科专业技术人员数量不足且分布不均衡，高层次人才比例偏低。医床比1:556.91，技床比1:841.30，医技比1.51:1，护床比1:1 031.31，均未达到文件标准，营养科医师严重缺编。结论应加强营养科专业人员教育和高层次人才培养，建立规范化培养体系，明确营养科职称评定和岗位技能考核制度，不断扩增专业人才数量，提升临床营养诊疗能力。     

基于ADOPT问题解决模式下的个体化护理对口腔正畸患者自我 护理能力的影响

目的 探讨ADOPT问题解决模式下的个体化护理对口腔正畸患者自我护理能力的影响。方法 选 取2021年1月-12月我院正畸科收诊的80例正畸患者作为观察对象，采用自拟抽签法随机分为对照组与观察 组，各40例。对照组采用常规护理，观察组采用ADOPT问题解决模式下的个体化护理，比较两组干预前后 自我管理能力、生活质量以及社会心理适应能力。结果 两组干预后1个月生活质量以及自我管理能力评分 高于干预前，且观察组高于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。观察组接受水平、持续担忧、积极 面对评分高于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 ADOPT问题解决模式下的个体化护理有助于 提升口腔正畸患者自我管理能力及社会心理适应能力，进而提高患者生活质量。     

藏药细叶亚菊的质量标准研究＊

目的 建立细叶亚菊的质量标准，为其质量控制和合理开发利用提供科学参考。方法 采用性状鉴别、显微鉴别、薄层色谱法（TLC）对细叶亚菊进行定性分析；参照《中国药典》（2020年版）通则方法对细叶亚菊水分、总灰分、酸不溶性灰分、水溶性浸出物进行含量检查；利用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）测定细叶亚菊中绿原酸、异绿原酸A的含量。结果 确定了细叶亚菊的药材性状及显微特征。TLC鉴别显示，供试品（细叶亚菊药材）与对照品（绿原酸、异绿原酸A）在相应位置上均显示相同颜色的荧光斑点。13批细叶亚菊水分、总灰分、酸不溶性灰分、浸出物的含量分别为8.55%-13.07%、6.81%-12.68%、1.11%-3.53%、8.41%-11.64%；绿原酸、异绿原酸A的含量范围分别为0.072%-0.440%、0.283%-1.324%（n=3）。结论 本研究建立的方法准确稳定，可为细叶亚菊的质量控制提供参考。暂规定细叶亚菊水分不得过12.0%，总灰分不得过10.0%，酸不溶性灰分不得过2.5%，水溶性浸出物不得少于8.0%，绿原酸不得少于0.2%，异绿原酸A不得少于0.6%。